Only ascetics can attain liberation. More developed ethical works emanated from Hasidean circles in the Maccabean time, such as are contained in Tobit, especially in Chapter IV. Most of the Native American groups have many common beliefs, but their rites and ceremonies differ; the Lakota, for instance, have rites such as the Ghost Keeping, the Vision Quest, and the Sun Dance while the Sioux have Keeping of the Soul, Making of Relatives, and Throwing of the Ball. 347-372, Bruce R. Reichenbach (1988), The Law of Karma and the Principle of Causation, Philosophy East and West, Vol.

4, No. “Hindu” is Persian for the name of a river that Greeks referred to as the Indos and the British as the Indus. According to one strand of Hinduism, Advaita Vedanta (a strand that has received a great deal of attention from Western philosophers from the 19th century on), this world of space and time is non-different in its essential nature from  Brahman, the infinite. Arguably, the Bible itself claims persons can know of good and evil without relying on special revelation. Philosopher Robert Adams has argued that moral obligation is best explained by appeal to the commands of a loving God, and moral values in general may be thought to reflect God’s nature. Emperors themselves came to be regarded as kami, but the distinction between humans and divinities was not clearly drawn. Furthermore, Roman Catholicism as a style of Christianity is tied to history of the RCC, which (though present throughout the world) has developed primarily in Western Europe. There are even more elaborate ethical teachings in the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, in which each of the twelve sons of Jacob, in his last words to his children and children's children, reviews his life and gives them moral lessons, either warning them against a certain vice he had been guilty of, so that they may avoid divine punishment, or recommending them to cultivate a certain virtue he had practised during life, so that they may win God's favor. While most people allow the material world to fill their hearts, Muslims should keep God in their hearts and the material world in their hand. Taoist passivity nurtures, cultivates and prepares an atmosphere that allows the majestic and the real to shine, which influences society for the better.

Most scholars believe Zarathustra was born around 570 BCE, although some date his birth as far back as the 15th century BCE.

Most Hindus believe in reincarnation. [50] In this vow, there is voluntary and gradual reduction of food and liquid intake to end one's life by choice and with dispassion,[51][52] In Jainism this is believed to reduce negative karma that affects a soul's future rebirths.[53].

Ultimately, it is only God’s grace which may allow one to attain mukti(liberation), but one should strive to become more Guru-oriented (gursikh) and less self-oriented (manmukh). Sikhs view religious diversity as a gift from God, understanding different forms of worship and religious traditions as contextual articulations of the one universal truth.

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